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Marianna Martines
Marianna Martines or Marianne von Martinez〔"Martinez" is often employed in older reference sources; however, there is no primary source in Vienna in which the name of the family is actually spelled thus. The composer always signed herself "Marianna von Martines". See: Verlassenschaftsabhandlung Maria Theresia Martines, A-Whh, OMaA, Gruppe II, 54/1775. See also the (''Wiener Diarium'' of 4 August 1773 )〕 (Vienna, May 4, 1744 – December 13, 1812), was an Austrian singer, pianist and composer of the classical period.
==Background==
Marianna's paternal grandfather was a Spanish soldier who had settled in Naples. Her father, Nicolo Martines, grew up there and for a time pursued a career as a soldier. He later changed careers, serving in Vienna as Maestro di Camera (major-domo) at the papal nuncio; that is, the Pope's embassy to the Austrian Empire. For service to the Empire, Marianne's brothers in 1774 acquired a patent of nobility, hence the "von" in the family surname.〔Godt 1995, 539〕
In his youth in Italy, Nicolo had befriended the poet Pietro Trapassi, who wrote under the name Metastasio. The latter had risen in eminence, to the point that in 1730 he was called to Vienna to serve as the Poet Laureate of the Empire. Metastasio resided with the Martines family for the entire rest of his life (from about 1734 to 1782). His presence would prove crucial to Marianne's career.
The Martines family lived in rooms in a large building on the Michaelerplatz, "a stately building still standing in the Kohlmarkt."〔Godt 1995, 540〕 As was common in the days before elevators, the floors of the building corresponded to the social class of the inhabitants. On the lowest floor were the rooms of the dowager princess of the wealthy Esterházy family. The Martines family were on third floor. Another resident of the middle floors was Nicola Porpora, a well-known Italian singing teacher and composer.〔 At the very top, in a cold and leaky attic room, lived a struggling young composer, Joseph Haydn, who was trying to make his way as a freelance musician. The lives of all of these people ultimately came to be connected, in part through Marianne.〔The only connection not related is that Haydn ultimately became the Kapellmeister for the Esterházy family, including the dowager's sons Paul Anton and Nicolaus.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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